What is Radiant PEX Pipe?
PEX is cross-linked Polyethylene. Through one of several processes, links between polyethylene
macromolecules are formed to create bridges between PE molecules (thus the term "cross-linked).
This resulting molecule is more durable under temperature extremes, chemical attack, and resists
creep deformation, making PEX an excellent material for hot water applications (up to 200° F).
How long has PEX Pipe been used?
PEX was developed in the 1960s. PEX tubing has been in use in many European countries for
plumbing, radiant heating and snow melt applications since that time. PEX was introduced in the
United States in the 1980s, and has seen significant growth in market demand and production.
What are recommended uses for PEX Pipe?
PEX 's flexibility and strength at temperatures ranging from below freezing up to 200°F
makes it an ideal piping material for hot and cold water plumbing systems, hydronic radiant
heating systems, snow melting applications, and, even ice rinks and refrigeration warehouses.
Why is PEX Pipe an excellent piping material for plumbing?
PEX tubing is ideally suited for potable water plumbing applications. It is flexible, making
it easy to install and service. PEX pipe is able to withstand the high and low temperatures found in
plumbing and heating applications, and is highly resistant to chemicals found in the plumbing
environment. Although not freeze proof, PEX also provides the homeowner with many useful
benefits. Flexible systems are quieter than rigid piping. The smooth interior resists scale
buildup and corrosion that can affect long term pipe flow characteristics. PEX tube is also very
freeze-break resistant. Finally, PEX systems have attractive installation costs when compared
with rigid materials. PEX is the best piping material for many plumbing applications, but not for
outdoor or UV exposed applications.
How can I be sure that PEX pipe is a safe product for plumbing?
PEX is manufactured and tested according to stringent national consensus standards: ASTM F 876
and F 877. Both the product manufacturer and independent third party testing agencies conduct
routine quality control and quality assurance evaluations to insure the product meets ASTM and
NSF Standards. Compliance with the standards ensures the end user of safety and quality.
Additionally, PEX is included in all of the major model plumbing codes used in the United States
and Canada, CSA, IAPMO, SBCCI, BOCA, ICBO, IPC and NSPC, and approved by HUD for hot and cold
potable water plumbing use.
Where is PEX approved for use?
PEX is an approved material in all the current edition national model-plumbing codes;
however, some jurisdictions using older versions of these codes may not have amended the code
to include PEX tubing. Contact the local authority with jurisdiction over plumbing to verify
the acceptance of PEX tubing for plumbing applications in your area.
Can PEX Pipe be used under the slab?
Yes. The flexibility of PEX pipe allows it to be supplied in coils meaning installations
under the slab can be made with a single, continuous length without the need for PEX fittings
under the slab. PEX is not affected by concrete, or chemicals in concrete (it is commonly
encased in concrete for radiant floor heating). PEX, however, must be sleeved when penetrating
a concrete slab.
Can PEX be used for underground cold-water service applications?
Yes. Although the high temperature resistance of PEX makes it particularly suitable for hot and
cold interior plumbing applications, it also makes an excellent underground water service piping.
It can be installed using the same fittings recommended for copper tube sized SDR-9 polyethylene
tubing.
Can PEX be used for aboveground outdoor applications?
No. PEX tubing is designed for indoor and buried applications only and is not recommended for
outdoor, above ground use. Short exposures to sunlight are permissible, not to exceed 30 - 60
days. When storing PEX, it must be stored under cover, shielded from direct sunlight.
Can PEX save me money?
Yes. PEX piping saves money in many ways. For the installer, PEX tubing is competitively
priced. Installation of flexible systems is fast because of the easy handling nature of the
tubing and because a PEX installation requires fewer directional fittings. Since most
plumbing problems occur at joints, fewer fittings also reduce the chances for callbacks,
saving the installer even more time. The homeowner saves in the cost of the installed system,
fewer call backs, and reduced utility costs when home-run manifold systems are utilized in
conjunction with PEX.
Will PEX systems help save on utility bills?
Yes. Home run or manifold plumbing systems utilizing PEX tubing can substantially reduce
water and energy consumption in a home. The home-run concept provides dedicated direct lines
from the manifold to the fixtures, reducing the amount of water that must be purged from the
lines to get hot water at the fixture. Direct lines can be sized to the fixture requirements,
further reducing the amount of time to wait for hot water. Faster hot water delivery reduces
water waste and the amount of times the water heater must cycle to supply hot water.
What is the expected performance of PEX water distribution systems?
PEX tubing is designed and tested to perform as well or better than any other material approved
for hot and cold-water distribution systems. For indoor plumbing applications, PEX is
expected to perform as long as copper, CPVC or any other approved plumbing distribution materials.
What joining systems are available?
There are several methods of connecting PEX pipe, all of which involve mechanical PEX fittings.
There are two approved standard specifications for PEX connections: ASTM F 1807 and ASTM F 1960.
Both reference mechanical insert fittings. The crimp fittings specified in ASTM F1807 are
the most widely used. Other fitting systems, including insert and outside diameter compression
fittings, are also available. PEX cannot be joined by solvent cement or heat fusion methods.
Which manufacturing method for PEX is recommended for hot and cold potable water?
There are currently three methods for producing PEX tubing, the Engle or Peroxide method,
the E-beam or radiation method and the Silane method. All three processes produce tubing
cross-linked to varying degrees that result in a product acceptable for potable water distribution
applications. All PEX that has been tested and certified for potable applications carries the
mark(s) of nationally recognized third-party certification agencies such as NSF, IAPMO, ICBO-ES,
Warnock Hersey or UL.
How long can PEX be exposed to sunlight?
PEX tubing is not intended for outdoor applications and must be stored in a covered environment
not exposed to direct sunlight. Maximum UV exposure is no more than 60 days.
What are temperature limitations for PEX?
PEX tubing can be used up to 200°F for heating applications. For plumbing, PEX is limited
to 180°F. Temperature limitations are always noted on the print line of the PEX tubing.
Recommended 140 max for safety and conservation
How are PEX systems tested for leaks?
PEX plumbing and radiant heating systems can be pressure tested using either water or air to
check for leaks. Follow manufacturer's instructions.
How soon after installation can you pressure test a PEX tubing installation?
PEX plumbing systems can generally be tested immediately after the installation is complete.
There is no wait time for glue to dry or joint to cool off. Weather should be considered and
manufacturer's instructions followed in cold weather.
Where is PEX available?
PEX pipe is available through almost all plumbing wholesale distributors throughout the United
States and Canada. Many retail building supply outlets also supply PEX piping and PEX fittings.
Piping and fittings are commonly available in 1/4" through 1" CTS (Copper Tube Size)
with some manufacturers also supplying larger sizes up to 2". Because the wall-thickness is
proportionate for each size, the pressure ratings are the same for all sizes.
What sizes, lengths and packaging options of PEX are available?
PEX is available in 1/4" through 1" CTS (Copper Tube Size) and is packaged in coils or
20' straight lengths. Some manufacturers tubing is color-coded for easy identification of hot and
cold lines. Coil lengths generally run to a maximum of 1000' and are available in a variety of
shorter lengths.
Is flexible PEX plumbed differently than rigid material plumbing systems?
Yes. The flexibility of PEX allows many directional changes to be made without fittings, but,
PEX systems are sized in the same fashion as copper or CPVC plumbing systems. PEX piping is
also used in high performance manifold plumbing systems that takes advantage of the flexibility
and economical cost of PEX tubing.
What are manifold plumbing systems?
Manifold or home run plumbing systems are much like a breaker box for the electrical system in
the home. The manifold provides a common location from which all the plumbing fixtures are supplied.
Some high-end manifolds also feature fixture shut-off valves allowing the user to shut off the
water to individual fixtures from one location. Others are semi-home run manifolds or termination
manifolds, which may feed the plumbing requirements for a room or set of rooms and reduce the
number of fittings required in the plumbing system.
How are PEX systems sized?
PEX systems are be sized just like other plumbing materials such as copper or CPVC when used
in a branch-and-main installation. To take advantage of utility savings and system performance
issues of branch-and-main systems, PEX can be sized in manifold systems to meet the specific
demands of each fixture, reducing water and energy waste in the home.
Is the thermal expansion/contraction of PEX a problem?
No. While PEX tubing expands more than other plumbing materials, directional changes made with
the tubing and some slack in the tubing during installation accommodate the expansion and
contraction of the system if properly installed.
Is PEX pipe freeze-break resistant?
PEX piping is freeze damage resistant and can expand and contract as water freezes and thaws
within the tubing. No tubing material is freeze-break proof, however, and PEX should be
installed using the same locally-prescribed insulation requirements to prevent freezing of
any plumbing system.
How do I thaw PEX lines?
When water freezes inside PEX tubing, it can be thawed using a hair dryer, warm wet rags or heat
tape, taking care not to overheat the tubing beyond it's maximum recommended temperature.
Can PEX be joined with solvent cement?
No. PEX tube cannot be joined with solvent cement, or heat fusion. PEX is installed using only
mechanical fittings either inserted in or around the tubing or by compression fittings.
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